উপদেশ বাক্য
GKRb fvj AwffveK n‡Z ‡M‡j hv KiYxq
- gymwj‡gi mv‡_ mvÿvr n‡j mvjvg ‡`qv |
- wcZv-gvZv I ¸iæRb‡K kÖ×v Kiv |
- wbqwgZ cvuP Iqv³ mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|
- m`v mZ¨ K_v ejv Ges Ab¨Rb‡K mZ¨ K_v ejvi Rb¨ DØy× Kiv|
- AvPi‡b f`ªZv I b¤ªZv eRvq ivLv |
- wbqwgZ Bmjvgx eB Aa¨qb Kiv |
- nvZ cv‡qi bL Ges gv_vi Pzj ‡QvU Kiv |
- UvLbyi bx‡P Kvco cwiavb bv Kiv (cyiæl)|
- UvLbyi bx‡P Kvco cwiavb Kiv (gwnjv)|
- GKvKx Ab¨ †g‡qi mv‡_ bv †gkv (‡Q‡j) |
- GKvKx Ab¨ ‡Q‡ji mv‡_ bv †gkv (†g‡q)|
- hveZxq †bkvRvZ `ªe¨ cwinvi Kiv (‡hgb :RÏ©v,wmMv‡iU,g` BZ¨vw`) |
- `vwo MRv‡j †i‡L †`Iqv IqvwRe |
- c`©v Kiv diR |
- ‡bKve cwiavb Kiv |
- åæ-cøvK bv Kiv (G¸‡jv wLªóvb‡`i KvR)|
- Kcv‡j wUc I †Vv‡U wjcw÷K e¨envi bv Kiv (G¸‡jv wn›`y‡`i KvR) |
- †gvevB‡j ,wUwf,B›Uvi‡bU ev‡R Abyôvb cwiZ¨vM Kiv |
- K‡jR I BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z cov Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi eÜz-evÜex m¤ú‡K© †LuvR-Lei ivLv|
Right Form of Verb
Right
Forms of Verb
ev‡K¨ Tense I Subject Gi mv‡_ Verb Gi msMwZc~Y© e¨enviB Right Forms of Verb.
S.S.C I H.S.C cixÿvq right forms of verb Gi Dci cÖkœ cÖYqb I DËi cÖ`v‡bi aib wbb¥iƒc:
‡h fv‡e cÖkœ n‡e
4. Complete the following text with
right forms of the verbs given in the box. (S.S.C)
1. Complete the passage
with suitable verbs from the list. Put them in the correct tense. Use the
negatives where necessary : (H.S.C)
|
feel
|
lead
|
make
|
inspire
|
create
|
imply
|
devote
|
Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a)
— country and people. Actually it (b) — a man to do everything just and fair
for his those qualities which make a person (c) — his/ her life for the well
being of his country. Patriotic zeal (d) — a person dutiful, energetic and
enthusiastic. On the other hand,
those devoid of patriotic zeal (e) —
any scruple to plot against the country.
‡h fv‡e DËi w`‡Z n‡e
Ans to the Que No. (4)/ (1)
(a) inspires
(b) implies
(c) devote
(d)
makes
(e)
do not feel
ev‡K¨ e¨enªZ Gi Kx n‡e A_v©r wUi BZ¨vw`I
g‡a¨ †Kvb wU emv‡j evK¨wU ï× n‡e Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ wKQz wbqgKvbyb Rvbv
_vK‡Z n‡e| wb‡P wKQz cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqgKvbyb
D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
Subject verb Agreement
Rule:1 Subject Gi headword Abymv‡i verb e‡m| A_©vr headword Singular n‡j verb singular Ges headword plural n‡j verb plural nq| †hgb:
The Color of her eyes (be) blue. (is).
A number of boys (be) Present. (were).
Most of the teachers of our country (be) poor. (are)
A sister of the boys (have) come. (has).
GKvwaK Word
wb‡q MwVZ Subject Gi †ÿ‡Î subject wUi evsjv A_© Ki‡j evsjvq ‡h kãwU †k‡l e‡m mvavibZ
H kãwU †K headword
wnmv‡e aiv nq| ‡hgb: A sister of the boys –evjK‡`i GKwU †evb, most of the teachers of our country Avgv‡`i
‡`‡ki AwaKvsk wkÿK| GLv‡b sister I teachers kã `yBwU n‡”Q headword
Rule:2 mvavibZ And Øviv hy³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Noun/ Pronoun ‡K GK‡Î plural subject aiv nq Ges Gi
c‡ii verbI plural nq| †hgb:
Momo and Ria (be) two
sisters. (are)
He and I (be) friends.
(are)
wKš‘
Bread and butter (be) my
favorite food. (is)
Rule:3
mvavibZ And Øviv hy³ `yBwU
c` Avjv`v `yBRb e¨vw³ wb‡`©k Ki‡j `ywU c‡`i c~‡e© the e‡m Ges c‡ii verb wU Plural nq| wKš‘ `ywU c` GKB e¨vw³‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j ïay
cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© the
e‡m Ges c‡ii verb
wU singular
nq| †hgb:
The headmaster and the secretary of our school (be) present.
(were).
|
|
The MP and Minister (have) Joined the session.(has).
The magistrate and judge (be) present. (was).
Rule:4 Each, every ,any, no, more than one, none/no one BZ¨vw` subject ev subject Gi Ask n‡j G‡`i c‡i noun/Pronoun Ges verb Singular nq| Avevi, each of (the), one
of(the), either of (the), neither of (the), none of (the), BZ¨vw`i c‡i noun/Pronoun plural n‡e| wKš‘ verb singular n‡e | ‡hgb:
Each
boy and each girl (have) got a prize. (has)
One of them (be) going.(is).
Neither of the girls (be) beautiful. (was)
Rule:5 As well as, With, alone with, together with, accompanied by, followed by,
and + no/not BZ¨vw` Øviv hy³
`ywU noun ev Pronoun Gi ‡ÿ‡Î mvavibZ
cÖ_g noun ev Pronoun Abymv‡i verb e‡m| †hgb:
The chairperson along with the members (be) present. (was).
Asif as well as his brothers (be) good (is).
I and not Parvin (has) done it. (have).
Rule:6
Not only----- but also, or Ges nor Øviv
hy³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK noun/Pronoun Gi †ÿ‡Î me©‡kl noun/ Pronoun wU Abymv‡i verb e‡m| †hgb:
Jahangir or his brothers (be) Present that day. (were)
Neither Yasmin nor her sisters (has) done it. (have)
Not only lecturer Sohid but also his students (be) honest.
(are).
Rule:7
Infinitive, gerund, Verbal noun,
Clause BZ¨vw` ev‡K¨i Subject wnmv‡e _vK‡j
mvavibZ H subject ‡K 3rd person singular
number wnmv‡e Mb¨ K‡i †mB Abymv‡i verb emv‡Z n‡e|
‡hgb:
To
tell lies (be) a great sin.(is)
The
reading of novels (be) known to me. (was).
That you finished the novels (be) known to me. (was)
Rule:8
Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j Zv plural noun eySvq| ZLb c‡ii verb wU I plural nq| ‡hgb:
The virtuous (be) always happy. (are)
The poor (be) born to suffer. (are)
Rule:9 Relative pronoun Gi c‡i verb wU mvavibZ relative pronoun Gi wVK c~‡ei© noun/ pronoun A_v©r antecedent(c~e©c`)
Abymv‡i e‡m| †hgb:
It
is I who (be) responsible. (am).
It
was you who (be) to blame. (were)
He is one of those who (do) not smoke. (do)
Active/Passive
Rule-1 : Active voice G subject + verb + obj +(Ab¨vb¨) _v‡K
Ges passive voice G
subject Gi c‡i Ôto beÕ verb Ges g~j verb wUi past participle from e‡m| †hgb:
English (speak) all over the
world.(is spoken)
He (wound) in the war.(was wounded)
GLv‡b
Subject n‡”Q English (Bs‡iwR fvlv)
Ges verb n‡”Q speak(K_v ejv)|
Bs‡iwR fvlv K_v e‡j bv | Bs‡iwR fvlv‡Z K_v ejv nq A_v©r gvby‡l K_v e‡j| d‡j,
evK¨wU passive
n‡e| passive ev‡K¨ subject Gi c‡i tense Abymv‡i verbÔto beÕ Ges g~j verb wUi Past participle from e‡m|
Rule-2 : Die, occur, belong, issue, continue, propose, appear, disappear,
wonder, despair, consist, ensue BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jv intransitive wnmv‡e e¨eüZ
nq| d‡j G‡`i passive voice nq bv| †hgb:
His father (die) last year. (died)
The
fog (disperse). (dispersed)
The book (belong) to me.
(belings)
A
quarrel (ensue) at this . (ensued)
Our family (consist) of five members.
(consists)
Infinitive /Gerund/Present
Participle/Past Participle
Rule-1 : Model auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would,
must, ought to etc), have to, had to, cannot but, could not but, let, make,
used to, (do/does/did+not), nothing but, would rather, had better, (am/is/are/was/were
+to), be+going to, Infinative ‘toÕ BZ¨vw`i c‡ii verb wUi present from e‡m| †hgb:
Would you (mind) singing a song? (mind)
You had better (leave) the place.(leave)
He used to (read) the Daily Ittafaq (read)
He was let (to go). (go)
Rule-2 : See, find, watch, notice, hear BZ¨vw`
transitive verb
Gi c‡i D‡jøwLZ verb wUi
present form ev ing e¨envi Kiv hvq| Passive ev‡K¨i †ÿ‡Î verb wUi present from Gi c~‡e© to e‡m|
I
saw him (to go) (go/going)
She
was heard (sing) a song (to sing)
Rule-3 : Avoid, finish, prefer, enjoy, mind, object, practice, remember, feel,
like, busy, worth, with a view to, look forward to, resort to, addicted to, be/get + used to, accustomed
to, inured to, habituated to, it is no use/ good, can/could not help, can/could
not bear BZ¨vw`i c‡i verb Gi mv‡_ ing e‡m|
I
feel like (cry), (crying)
I could
not help (laugh) at this. (laughing)
He
is used to (gamble). (gambling)
Rule-4 : Preposition Gi c‡i verb Gi gerund A_v©r (verb+ ing) form e‡m|
Without
(study) hard, you cannot pass. (studying)
I
never think of (go) there (going)
On
(return) home, he took his meal. (returing)
Before
(go) to college, he took his bath. (going)
Rule-5 : Subject+get/have/want + object Gi
c‡i verb Gi past participle form e‡m|
They had the house (paint). (painted)
He wanted the work (do). (done)
We got our car (repair). (repaired)
Rule-6 : Being, having, to be BZ¨vw`i c‡iB verb _vK‡j Zvi past participle form e‡m|
Being
(displease), he left the place. (displeased)
The
boy went to play cricket having (learn) his lessons. (learnt/ learned)
The principle wanted the notice to be (hang). (hung)
Tenses
Rule:1 Always, daily, every+time (every day, every week, every year etc.),
generally, never, normally, (very) often, ordinarily, regularly, now and then,
occasionally, sometimes, usually BZ¨vw`i
_vK‡j evK¨wU mvavibZ present indefinite tenses G
nq| Z‡e, past habit (AZxZ Af¨vm) eySv‡j evK¨wU past indefinite n‡e| †hgb:
My brother (read) the New Age every
day. (reads)
I (not take) exercise regularly . (do
not take)
When you usually (come) to collage?
(do you usually come)
They always (bathe) in
the river. (bathed). (past habit)
I (be) never absent from
school. (was). (past habit)
Rule:2 Universal truth (wPišÍb mZ¨)
Ges habitual fact eySv‡j
evK¨wU present indefinite tense nq|
The sun (set) in the west. (sets)
Everybody (fear) death. (fears)
Rule:3 eZ©gvb Kv‡j †Kvb KvR Pj‡Q Giƒc eySv‡j evK¨wU
mvavibZ Present continuous tense nq| G‡ÿ‡Î, ev‡K¨ now, at present, at
this moment, right now, today, at this time, gradualy, day-by-day,
day-after-day, rapidly, still, now-a-days
BZ¨vw` _vK‡Z cv‡i|
They (play) cricket now . (are
playing)
I (read) the book at this moment. (am
reading)
|
|
Rule:4 Already, ever, just, just now, lately, recently, yet, of late, In reacent
years, so far BZ¨vw` _vK‡j
evK¨wU mvavibZ present perfect tense nq|They already (pass) in SSC examination.(have already passed)
We just (reach) the collage.(have
just reached)
Jowel (see) her lately? (Has Jowel
seen)
Rule:5 For/since+ mgq _vK‡j A_ev
‡Kv‡bv KvR `xN© mgq/ wb`x©ó mgq hveZ msNwUZ nIqv eySv‡j evK¨wU mvavibZ present perfect continuous tense nq|
Z‡e, past/future perfect continuous tense I n‡Z cv‡i| sentence Gi †ÿ‡Î Av‡Mi tense
Abyhvqx change n‡e|
They (live) here for a long time.(have
been living)
He (read) in this collage since 2003
(has been reading)
Shamima (wait) for you
for an hour. (had been/ will have been waiting)
Rule:6 Yesterday, past+ mgq /last+ mgq (last night, last week etc), ago, long ago, long since, before, back,
later, in the past, in those days, once, once upon a time, the day/month before
BZ¨vw` AZxZ / MZ wb‡`©kK kã _vK‡j ev
GgbwK AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kv‡bv mvj D‡jøL _vK‡jI evK¨wU mvavibZ past indefinite tense nq|
He (leave) the room ten minutes ago.
(left)
I (visit) the zoo last week.
(visited)
In those days, people (be) nomads.
(were)
Rule:7 While, At that time, At that moment, then Gi
c‡i verb _vK‡j verb wUi m‡½ ing hy³ nq| wKš‘, while+ Subject Gi c‡i verb _vK‡j past continuous tense n‡e|
While(go) to collages, I saw a dead cow.
(going)
While he (walk) along the road, a
snake bit him. (was walking)
Don’t gossip while (read). (reading)
Rule:8 By this time/By+ mgq (by morning, by Sunday etc) _vK‡j
evK¨wU mvavibZ future perfect tense nq|
They (reach) by this time/by
afternoon.(will have reached)
He (return) by Monday next. (will
have returned)
I (finish) the book by June 2004
(will have finished)
Rule:9 Tomorrow, Following time/day/week, next/coming+ mgq (next month, coming year etc) Ggb wK fwel¨Z Kv‡ji †Kv‡bv mvj _vK‡jI evK¨wU
mvavibZ future indefinite tense nq|
We(visit) the zoo next week. (shall
visit)
Our final exam (begin) tomorrow.
(will begin)
Rule:10 mvavibZ Compound ev complex sentence Gi GKwU finite verb past
indefinite tense n‡j Ab¨ finite verbI past indefinite tense G nq|
I (see) him and talked to him. (saw)
When he reached home, it (begin) to
train. (began)
As they studied hard, they (pass) the
exams.(passed)
Rule:11 That Gi c~‡e©i clause wU past indefinite tense n‡j that Gi c‡ii clause wU past perfect tense nq| KvR `yÕwU
Av‡M-c‡i eySv‡jI Av‡Mi KvRwU past perfect tense I c‡ii KvRwU past indefinite tense nq| Z‡e, that Gi c‡ii clause wU habit cÖKvk
Ki‡j H clause wU
past indefinite tense
n‡e| Avevi, universal truth cÖKvk Ki‡j clause wU present indefinite tense nq|
He said that he (visit) the Tajmahal.
(had visited)
You told me that you (finish) the
work. (had finished)
The sailors (sail)away to the south
until they arrived in the sea. (had sailed)
The man said that he
never (eat) anything for luncheon. (ate)(past habit)
The teacher said that the earth (go)
round the sun. (goes) (Universal truth )
Rule:12 Since Gi c~‡e©i clause wU present tense n‡j c‡ii clause wU past indefinite tense nq| Avevi, Since Gi c~‡e©i clause wU past tense n‡j c‡ii clause wU past perfect tense nq|
Three year have passed/It
is three years since we(pass) the SSC exam. (passed)
It was long since I (see)
her last. (had seen)
Rule:13 I wish, I like, if, would that, o that, oh that, BZ¨vw` Øviv AvKv•Lv cÖKvk Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î, G‡`i
cieZx© Subject Gi
c‡ii verb wU ÔbeÕ verb n‡j were/could be e‡m ÔBeÕ verb bv n‡q Ab¨
†Kv‡bv verb
n‡j †m verb wUi past from/could + present from
e‡m|
Wish I (be) a king. (were/could be)
If we (know) his telephone number!
(know/ could know)
I like I (play) with the children.
(played/could play)
Rule:14 I fancy, would rather that, it is time, it is high time BZ¨vw`i c‡i Subject _vK‡j Zvi c‡ii verb wUi past form A_v©r past indefinite tense nq| Z‡e, it is time Gi c‡i Subject bv †_‡K mivmwi verb _vK‡j H verb wUi c~‡e© to e‡m| A_v©r verb wUi infinitive nq|
I
fancy I (turn) a trifle pale. (turend)
It
is high time you (study) hard. (studied)
It
is time we (go) to collage. (went)
It
is time (go) to collage. (to go)
Rule:15 As if/ as though Gi c~‡e©i clause wU present tense n‡j c‡ii clause wU mvavibZ past indefinite tense nq| G‡ÿ‡Î, past indefinite tense G ÔbeÕ verb wU memgq were nq|
You
talk as if you (know) everything. (knew)
The man
acts as though he (be) a fool. (were)
Avevi, As if/ as thoughGi c~‡e©i clause wU past tense n‡j c‡ii clause wU past perfect tense nq|
You talked
as if you (know) everything. (had knew)
|
|
The man
acted as though he (be) a fool. (had been)
Rule:16 If Gi wVK c‡ii clause wU present indefinite tense n‡j Aci clause wU future indefinite tense nq| Avevi, present indefinite tense I n‡Z cv‡i|
If
we read more, we (learn) more. (will learn)
If
you don’t work hard, you (fail). (will fail)
Rule:17 If Gi wVK c‡ii clause wU past indefinite tense n‡j Aci clause wU 'Subject + would/could/might + verb
Gi base formÕ
MV‡b _v‡K|
If
we studied well, we (pass) more. (might pass)
If you worked hard, you (not fail). (would not fail)
Rule:18 If Gi wVK c‡ii clause wU past perfect tense n‡j Aci clause wU 'Subject + would/could/might + have + past participle form of verbÕ MV‡b nq|
If
you had walked faster.you (not miss) the train. (would not have missed)
Had
I been a bird, I (fly) in the sky. (would have flown)
Rule:19 No sooner + had + subject + past participle form of verb…+ than + subject + past form of verb…
No sooner we (reach) the station than
the train left. (had we reached)
Rule:20 Hardly/ scarcely+ had + subject+ past participle form of verb.. + when+
subject + past form of verb…
Hardly (he hear) hear the new when he burst into tears. (had he heard)
Scarcely (we reach) the class when the bell rang. (had we reached)
Exercise for Practice
Rewrite the
following sentences using right form of verb:
1. Rana, and not his brothers, (be)
guilty .
2. The number of boys (be) smaller than
usual.
3. The mother and the daughter (be)
walking.
4. None of the questions (be) easy.
5. He may (come) tomorrow.
6. I look forward to (receive) your
letter.
7. I went to bazaar with a view to (buy)
a book.
8. Would you mind (sing) a song.
9. He is habituated to (read) English
Daliy.
10. By ( obey) your parents, your
parents, you can be happy.
